过去心不可得,The past mind cannot be attained,
现在心不可得,The present mind cannot be attained,
未来心不可得。The future mind cannot be attained.
- 金刚经 (释迦牟尼佛) Diamond Sutra (Sakyamuni Buddha)
Here are
three famous Chan (Chinese Zen) stories to share, with the similar theme of
pacifying and liberating the fettered mind, followed by reflections on them.
How To Pacify Your Mind
In the year 527, when Master Huike (慧可) met
Master Damo (达摩), the (Chinese) Chan
Tradition’s First Patriarch (禅宗初祖) near
Shaolin Monastery (少林寺), this dialogue ensued.
慧可:诸佛法印,可得闻乎?
达摩:诸佛法印,匪从人得。
慧可:我心未宁,乞师与安。
达摩:将心来,与汝安。
慧可:觅心了,不可得。
达摩:我与汝安心竟。
Huike: Of all
Buddhas’ seal [essence] of the Dharma [truth], can it be attained by hearing
about it?
Damo: Of all
Buddhas’s seal of the Dharma, not from man is it attained.
Huike: [confused]
As my mind is yet to be at peace, I beg Master to pacify it.
Damo: Bring me
your mind, and for you, I will pacify it.
Huike: [after
searching] Having sought for my mind, it cannot be attained.
Damo: I have
for you, pacified [put to peace] your mind completely.
Hearing this, Master Huike attained awakening, realising that
just as there is no actual (unchanging or substantial) graspable
unenlightened (unpacified) mind to be pacified (没实在的不安心可安), there
is no actual graspable enlightened (pacified) mind to be attained to pacify the
mind too (没实在的安心可得). Both notions of an
unpacified and a pacified mind (不安心与安心) were
from grasping at his delusional thought (妄想). He
then followed Master Damo for six years, before receiving the title of the Chan
Tradition’s Second Patriarch.
How To Liberate Your Mind
In the year 592, when Master Daoxin (道信) met
Master Sengcan (僧璨), the (Chinese) Chan
Tradition’s Third Patriarch (禅宗三祖) at the
‘Monastery Of The Mountain Valley’ (山谷寺), this
dialogue ensued.
道信:愿和尚慈悲,为我解缚。
僧璨:是谁将你缚住了?
道信:无人缚我。
僧璨:既无人缚你,那你又求何解缚?
Daoxin: May
Master be compassionate, and liberate me from my fetters.
Sengcan: Who is
it that fettered you?
Daoxin: No one
fettered me.
Sengcan: Since no
one fettered you, why do you still seek liberation from fetters?
Hearing this, Master Daoxin attained awakening, realising that
while there is no actual (unchanging or substantial) graspable person (such as
himself or someone else) or thing (such as the three poisons of attachment,
aversion and delusion) that fettered him, it was only from grasping at his
delusional thought that he was fettered by many, that truly fettered him. He
then followed Master Sengcan for nine years, before receiving the title of the
Chan Tradition’s Fourth Patriarch.
How To Be Fettered
Commemorating the above koan (gongan; 公案: public
record of a Dharma teaching) in the same but renamed ‘Monastery Of The Third
Patriarch’ (三祖寺) is a huge rock labelled as
the ‘Rock Of Liberation From Fetters’ (解缚石) with
the big words ‘Liberation From Fetters’ (解缚) carved
onto its top flat surface. After sharing the koan with us during a visit, the
Abbot added that as many do not understand its message, they settle with
circumambulating the words by walking on the rock. Some even created formulaic
superstitious beliefs that going around ‘x’ number of times can help this or
that mundane wish to come true. How ‘unzen’!
To my surprise, despite what said, many did indeed walk on the
rock… with spiritual aspirations and reverence I hope! Would doing so be
meritorious, while wearing out the rock with worldly desires be demeritorious? Snapping some pictures to remind myself to write about this, it seems that many
did miss the point of the koan? Instead of reminding themselves to not be
fettered by anything, did they, with incredible irony, become additionally,
even if just for a while, fettered to a gigantic and heavy rock with some
deluded desires? If so, is this not a literally ‘big’ and ‘solid’ lesson
missed? And am I not also fettered to wanting to speculate and share about
this? It seems appropriate then, to end with the next dialogue between two
other Chan Masters.
How To Be Unfettered
藏门: (指庭院石头) 三界唯心,万法唯识。你且说说看,这块石头是在心内呢?还是在心外?
雪斋: 在心内。
藏门:一个行脚人为什么要将一块石头放在心里?
Zangmen: (pointing
at rock in courtyard) The three spheres [of existence] are of the mind only,
the ten thousand dharmas [of all phenomena] are of the consciousness only. Why
don’t you tell me, about this piece of rock – is it inside the mind, or outside
the mind?
Xuezhai: Inside
the mind.
Zangmen: Why
should one who travels [to seek the truth] put a piece of rock in the mind?
So, is the rock truly inside or outside your mind? When thinking
about the rock, is it not inside? Yet, how can something so bulky be inside your
mind? Or is it only there when fettered to and weighed down by it? If not
attached to, is it still inside your mind? If not, how can it not be linked to
your mind that perceives it? Or is it inside and outside at the same time, or
neither, or beyond? Is the full realisation of the answer, of how we should
relate to all phenomena not liberation itself? What are your mental rocks, your
spiritual blocks? What fetters you now?
That said, since our
minds are habitually attached to this or that delusional thought, which makes
it difficult to be fully unfettered within one lifetime, we might as well
cultivate pure mindfulness of Buddha (e.g. Amituofo; Amitabha Buddha) more
diligently now, so as to unfetter ourselves from delusional thoughts as much as
we can, through sincere and constant refuge in his blessings. Upon reaching his
Pure Land and receiving his further guidance, total liberation from all fetters
is guaranteed!
Posted by Shen Shi'an (The Daily Enlightenment.com)